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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Protein and peptide based vaccines (mRNA)

• Seyedeh Fatemeh Esmaeili Zaki,^1,* Fatemeh Bahmanabadi,² Issa Layali,³
  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic-Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic-Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  3. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic-Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: For effective vaccination, mRNA formulation, delivery method and mRNA carrier composition play an important role. mRNA vaccines have been delivered in various formats: encapsulation by carriers, delivery, such as lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides, free mRNA in solution and outside the body through dendritic cells. Appropriate delivery materials and formulation methods often increase the efficacy of the vaccine. It is also influenced by choosing a suitable route of administration. Simultaneous delivery of multiple mRNAs has the same effect it is possible to increase and in some cases the immunity against different types of an infectious pathogen or in general increase several pathogens. mRNA vaccine technology has evolved over the past 20 years from the first proof of concept to the first licensed vaccine against emerging pandemics such as 2-CoV-SARS evolved is. Also, mRNA vaccines in the past years have been a revolution in the fight against the epidemic - COVID There have been 19. This versatile technology has become the prevention of infectious diseases and the treatment of cancer are in the vaccination process, mRNA formulation and delivery strategies, effective expression and delivery of anti facilitates genes and immune system stimulation.
• Methods: Peptide vaccine is a type of immunotherapy based on the amino acid sequence of tumor antigen epitopes detected or predicted is synthesized. A personalized peptide vaccine can include peptides synthetic or genes that are neoantigens designed to target specific epitopes they code TSAs are only expressed in tumor cells and not expressed in normal cells remain Therefore, the use of TSAs in vaccines from the issue of tolerance of host immunity and autoimmunity prevents. Neoantigens are TSAs caused by non-synonymous mutations in the tumor genome are created.
• Results: To make mRNA vaccines, the coded antigen must be placed in the form of DNA, which is from there, mRNA is transcribed in laboratory conditions. Unlike DNA, mRNA only needs to reach the cytosol, where it is transcribed into an antigen inside the body using the cellular machinery. To thus, any desired sequence can be designed, produced, and delivered to any cell type. At inside cells, RNA is recognized by endosomal or cytosolic receptors that can lead to the activation of the type I interferon pathway (I-IFN (I) and promoting the production of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines become inflammatory These signal molecules lead to the activation of antigen presenting cells (APC) and after that they become strong in an adaptive response. mRNA vaccines are well tolerated and efficacious in animal models for multiple pathogens and they help to develop vaccines for other untreated diseases.
• Conclusion: Strategy promising in immunotherapy and also known as a vaccine for infectious and viral diseases are There are tremendous advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including high efficacy, relative intensity and low acquisition costs enable these vaccines Types of products based on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) as a therapeutic to have minimal side effects clinical trials against infectious diseases and various cancers become common. Advances recent technological advances have alleviated some of the issues that have hindered mRNA vaccine development. Hope with the progress of science and conducting more experiments, we have witnessed the effectiveness of this achievement in the society and the production of products be mostly derived from mRNA.
• Keywords: mRNA, Peptide, Protein, Virus, Cancer, VLP