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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Microbial Mysteries: Current Trends and Challenges in Bladder and Prostate Cancer Research

• Ali Bejani,^1,* Majid Sadeghpour,²
  1. Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  2. Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  
  
  
• Introduction: The microbiome's involvement in urologic cancers, including bladder and prostate cancer, is a rapidly growing area of research with significant clinical potential. Despite advances, the field faces considerable challenges related to sample collection, sequencing variability, and establishing causal relationships between microbial communities and cancer. This review aims to address these challenges, highlight current research trends, and explore the implications for future studies and clinical applications.
• Methods: A thorough review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The search focused on studies investigating the microbiome’s role in bladder and prostate cancer, with an emphasis on methodological issues such as specimen collection, sequencing technologies, and data interpretation. Criteria for inclusion included research highlighting common technical challenges and the need for methodological standardization to advance microbiome research in these cancers.
• Results: In bladder cancer research, significant challenges include low microbial biomass in urine samples, potential contamination during sample collection, and variability in sequencing methods. These issues complicate the identification of specific microbial signatures associated with the disease. Variability in the choice of sequencing technologies and DNA isolation protocols further exacerbates these challenges. Additionally, variations in urine collection methods and storage conditions can introduce biases that impact results, making it difficult to draw consistent conclusions about the microbiome's role in bladder cancer. In prostate cancer, similar methodological issues are observed, particularly concerning stool sampling, DNA extraction, and sequencing approaches. The heterogeneity in these procedures across studies results in inconsistent findings and complicates the identification of reliable microbial biomarkers. The debate over optimal primer selection in amplicon sequencing and the need for refined statistical methods for longitudinal analysis further highlight the complexity of this research. Standardizing methodologies and improving experimental models are crucial steps toward advancing our understanding of the microbiome’s impact on prostate cancer and translating these findings into clinical practice.
• Conclusion: Addressing the methodological challenges in microbiome research for bladder and prostate cancer is essential for advancing the field and improving clinical outcomes. Standardization of protocols and refinement of experimental models will enhance the reliability of findings and facilitate the identification of potential microbial biomarkers. Continued research are vital for uncovering the microbiome's role in urologic cancers and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
• Keywords: Challenge, Microbiome, Prostate Cancer, Bladder Cancer