INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
CancerGenetics
The Role of Microbiome in Genetic Risk and Cancer Prevention: From Probiotics to Skin-Enhancing Biotechnologies
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Fatemeh Kheyri,1,*
1. Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch
- Introduction: The human microbiome, an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms, has gained considerable attention for its influence on various aspects of health, including cancer development. There is growing evidence that microbial communities may interact with genetic factors to either exacerbate or mitigate cancer risk. At the same time, microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics and topical treatments, are being explored as innovative strategies for cancer prevention. In recent years, these approaches have even crossed over into biotechnology, where products like skincare and cosmetics are being developed with a focus on promoting health, including reducing cancer risk. This review delves into the connection between the microbiome and genetic cancer risk, highlighting both internal (probiotics) and external (topical) interventions and their translation into practical biotech solutions.
- Methods: To gather relevant information, we performed a detailed search using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2023. Search terms included "microbiome," "genetic risk," "cancer prevention," "probiotics," and "biotechnologies." Research articles, clinical trials, and systematic reviews were included, with a focus on studies that explored the role of the microbiome in modulating genetic cancer risk. We also included studies on how probiotics and topical microbiome-based products are being developed and used for preventive measures, particularly in the biotech and skincare sectors.
- Results: The literature reveals growing evidence that the microbiome can influence genetic susceptibility to cancer by modulating immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. Studies show that alterations in gut and skin microbiota are associated with both increased and decreased cancer risk, depending on the microbial composition and its interaction with the host's genetic makeup. For instance, the gut microbiota has been linked to colorectal cancer through its impact on gene expression related to inflammation and DNA repair mechanisms. Additionally, skin microbiota plays a significant role in protecting against skin cancers by enhancing the skin’s barrier function and immune surveillance. Probiotics, particularly those containing strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been shown to reduce cancer risk through several mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammatory pathways, reduction of DNA damage, and enhancement of immune function. Clinical trials have demonstrated the potential of probiotics in preventing colorectal, gastric, and breast cancers. Topical applications targeting skin microbiota are also gaining traction in cancer prevention. Biotechnological innovations are integrating beneficial microbes into skincare and cosmetic products designed to enhance the skin’s natural defenses, improve immune function, and reduce inflammation, all of which are critical factors in cancer prevention. Several biotech companies are now incorporating microbiome research into product development, using live probiotics, postbiotics, and prebiotic ingredients in skincare formulations. These products are designed to support the skin’s natural microbiome, thereby promoting skin health and potentially lowering cancer risk by enhancing the skin’s immune responses to environmental carcinogens, UV radiation, and oxidative stress.
- Conclusion: The modulation of the human microbiome offers a promising avenue for reducing genetic risk factors for cancer and developing preventive strategies. Both dietary interventions, such as probiotics, and topical applications in the form of skincare biotechnologies, represent novel approaches to cancer prevention. While current evidence supports the efficacy of these interventions, further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which the microbiome interacts with genetic factors and to optimize microbiome-based products for cancer prevention. Biotechnological innovations that harness the power of the microbiome are poised to play an increasingly significant role in personalized cancer prevention strategies.
- Keywords: Microbiome, genetic risk, cancer prevention, probiotics, skincare biotechnologies
