INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
CancerGenetics
RPS19 Gene as a Novel Biomarker in Breast Cancer
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ali heidarpour,1 hossein teimouri,2,*
1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
2. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Introduction: Breast cancer is a highly widespread global health issue, accounting for 30% of malignancies affecting women. Additionally, it has been recognised as the second leading cause of death in developed countries. Unfortunately, an estimated 502,000 women lose their lives to breast cancer each year. The World Health Organisation predicts that by 2050, the number of women diagnosed with breast cancer could reach up to 2.3 million. Iran has seen breast cancer as the prevailing form of cancer and the fifth highest contributor to mortality among Iranian women. The standardised incidence rate (ASR) for breast cancer is at approximately 28 cases per 100,000 individuals, and this rate has been on the rise in recent times. Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous at morphology as well as molecular levels and needs different therapeutic regimens based on the molecular subtype. Epigenetic alterations are a major cause of breast cancers.and their mechanisms include the regulation of gene transcription, genomic stability, and maintenance of normal cell growth, development, and differentiation. Three main mechanisms are known: DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). They are critical regulators of cellular immunity, which is mediated via the regulation of gene expression and transcription in specific cells and tissues. Recent technological advances in cancer detection have led to the emergence of gene expression patterns for better understanding tumor behavior, improving not only prognosis but also early detection and treatment. Combining gene expression patterns with clinical pathology characteristics enhances the precision of illness prognosis. RPS19 is on the genes that undergo alterations in their expression patterns in breast cancer. The RPS19 gene, located in the q13.2 gene locus on chromosome 19, encodes the synthesis of one of the 80 distinct ribosomal proteins. The RPS19 gene encodes a protein that is found in the small subunit of ribosomes and is a member of the S19E ribosomal protein family. This protein is situated in the cytoplasm. Genetic mutations in this specific gene result in Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA), a congenital erythroblastopenia characterized by a decrease in erythroid precursors in a subset of patients. Higher levels of expression of this gene have been observed in some primary colon cancers compared to normal colon tissues. According to bioanformatic studies, the RPS19 gene shows increased expression in breast and ovarian cancers and in this study, its expression is to be measured by real-time technique.
- Methods: The current study is an observational and case-control investigation that will be carried out on women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer and are having surgical therapy. The sampling will be conducted in a convenient manner, utilising the available samples. At first, a total of 28 samples of breast cancer tissue will be gathered. The control group will comprise of tissue samples obtained from patients that do not have cancer. The expression levels of RPS19 genes will be measured using Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR in both the case and control groups. For this purpose, total mRNA will be extracted from breast tissue samples using an extraction kit, and their genomic DNA will be degraded using DNase RNase-free. Subsequently, cDNA will be synthesized using a Reverse Transcriptase enzyme kit. Specific primers will be used to amplify cDNA of RPS19 gene along with SYBER Green two-step kit, following the manufacturer's instructions. The B-Actin gene, encoding one of the 6 different actin proteins, will be considered as a control gene in this study. To compare the mean differences of the main variables under study, statistical analysis will be performed using paired sample t-tests due to the quantitative nature of these variables. A p-value less than 0.05 will be considered significant in all tests. RPS19 gene primer was designed using Primer Blast web software.
- Results: Quantitative analysis of the PCR data demonstrated a statistically significant upregulation of RPS19 gene expression (p < 0.05) in breast cancer tissues compared to non-cancerous tissues. group (p < 0.05). The observed increase in the expression of the RPS19 gene underscores their potential roles as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. These findings suggest the involvement of RPS19 in breast cancer pathogenesis and highlight the importance of further investigation into their molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. The results of this study contribute to the growing body of evidence regarding the dysregulated expression of RPS19 in breast cancer, providing valuable insights into the molecular pathways underlying breast carcinogenesis and offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
- Conclusion: Due to its metastatic process and therapeutic resistance, breast cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Common treatment options for breast cancer include surgical intervention, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and radiotherapy. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the levels of expression of the RPS19 and hsa_circ_0051243 genes in breast cancer patients using Real-Time PCR. The study samples included stages 1 through 4, with each sample having a tumor margin control tissue from the same site. The expression of the RPS19 gene showed significant differences in tumor samples compared to normal states.(p = 0.005) Numerous studies have been conducted on breast cancer and the pathways involved in its development. Among the genes involved in this disease, RPS19 gene can play a significant role in the early prognosis and diagnosis of breast cancer. Furthermore, by utilizing the data from this study and bioinformatic data, the complex relationship between protein-coding genes can be elucidated, which could greatly assist in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer.
- Keywords: Breast Cancer , RPS19 , Real-time PCR , Cancer
