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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• CAR T Cells in NSCLC: A New Frontier with Challenges

• Amirsoheil Karami,¹ Faramarz Khosravi,^2,*
  1. Bachelor’s student, Microbiology group, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
  2. Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  
• Introduction: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed cancer treatment, especially for blood cancers. This innovative immunotherapy involves modifying a patient’s T cells to express receptors that target specific cancer cell antigens, enabling precise identification and destruction of malignant cells. While successful in hematologic cancers, applying CAR T cell therapy to solid tumors like non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents unique challenges. This article explores these obstacles, highlights promising targets, and discusses current research directions.
• Methods: This review synthesizes current literature on CAR T cell therapy, focusing on its application in NSCLC. We analyzed clinical trials, preclinical studies, and recent publications to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges, advancements, and future directions. The information is sourced from reputable scientific databases and peer-reviewed journals.
• Results: Challenges: Solid tumors such as NSCLC create a challenging environment for CAR T cell therapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is immunosuppressive, hindering CAR T cell infiltration and survival. Additionally, antigen heterogeneity and immune evasion by tumor cells complicate treatment. Promising Targets: Despite these challenges, several antigens are promising targets for CAR T cell therapy in NSCLC. EGFR, MUC1, and MSLN are particularly attractive due to their overexpression in cancer cells, making them ideal for CAR T cell targeting. Advances and Strategies: Researchers are developing strategies to enhance CAR T cell effectiveness against NSCLC. These include designing multi-targeting CARs to address tumor heterogeneity, combining therapies with checkpoint inhibitors or chemotherapy to boost responses, and exploring direct tumor infusion to overcome the immunosuppressive TME. Clinical Trials and Future Directions: Numerous clinical trials are underway to evaluate various CAR T cell designs and combinations to improve outcomes for NSCLC patients. These studies aim to optimize dosage, reduce side effects, and enhance CAR T cell persistence and activity within tumors.
• Conclusion: While significant challenges remain, ongoing research and innovative strategies offer hope for more effective NSCLC treatments. As our understanding of tumor biology and immunotherapy advances, CAR T cells hold the potential to become a powerful tool in fighting NSCLC, providing new hope for patients battling this complex disease.
• Keywords: CAR T Cells, Lung Cancer, NSCLC