INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
CancerGenetics
Cancer prevention: current advancements and future possibilities
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mehrangiz ghabimi,1,*
1. PhD student of nursing , student research committee ,Nursing and midwifery school , Birjand university of medical sciences,,Birjand, iran
- Introduction: Cancer presents a significant societal challenge globally, affecting both public health and financial resources. The advent of advanced imaging technologies, diagnostic methods, and targeted therapies has resulted in treatments that are becoming increasingly costly, making them accessible to only a limited number of patients. Focusing on prevention, especially primary prevention, is a crucial strategy in tackling cancer, as it is estimated that one-third to one-half of cancer cases could be avoided based on our understanding of risk factors. Additionally, prevention is a cost-effective approach that benefits the entire population, not just those at high risk, and it is independent of socioeconomic factors. Regulatory initiatives can have a lasting impact, even influencing future generations; by educating individuals, fostering healthy lifestyles, and promoting self-care, these measures can initiate a positive cycle
- Methods: In recent years, the field of oncology has transitioned from a reactive stance to a proactive one, leading to the emergence of "P4 medicine," which emphasizes preventive, predictive, personalized, and participatory care. Prevention initiatives play a vital role in cancer control, effectively lowering both cancer incidence and mortality rates. For example, screening programs for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers have significantly alleviated the burden of these prevalent diseases. Furthermore, both preventive and therapeutic anti-cancer vaccines are essential tools in the prevention arsenal.
- Results: Despite advancements, there is still much work to be done. Screening program participation could be enhanced by developing new, more acceptable, and less invasive testing methods, tailoring screening based on personal medical, clinical, radiological, and genetic information (referred to as "population-based personalized cancer screening"), and utilizing modern communication technologies like smartphone apps or personalized messaging (termed "screening 2.0"). Additionally, physicians' advocacy and guidance are crucial, as eligible individuals must feel comfortable discussing their concerns and perceived psychosocial barriers.
- Conclusion: New screening initiatives should only be introduced after conducting a thorough health technology assessment within the context of evidence-based medicine, enhancing organized screening programs, and restricting opportunistic or spontaneous programs.
- Keywords: Cancer prevention, Organized screening program, Vaccine
