INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF
CancerGenetics
The Potential of Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer treatment
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Neda Zahmatkesh,1,*
1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.
- Introduction: Multipotent cells known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or mesenchymal stromal cells are extracted from the connective tissue that envelops other tissues and organs. Out of all the stem cell kinds, they have drawn the most attention. Over the past three decades, their therapeutic potential against various diseases has been extensively investigated. Their ability to self-renew, differentiate into several lineages, and perform immunomodulatory tasks is the reason. Additionally, the key advantage of employing MSCs for therapeutic reasons in both acute and chronic conditions is their readily available nature, as well as their capacity to be expanded to clinically necessary numbers. Peripheral blood, fat tissue, skeletal muscle, placenta, synovial fluid, Wharton jelly of the umbilical cord, and amniotic fluid are conveniently accessible sources from which MSCs can be extracted. The aim of this study was to investigate the Potential of Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer treatment.
- Methods: The study of the Potential of Mesenchymal stem cells in cancer treatment which was done by searching scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
- Results: According to the findings, MSCs near the site of injury undergo differentiation into mature cells and release extra paracrine substances that aid in tissue remodelling and repair. It is believed that an active inflammatory response is necessary for MSC migration to tumor sites. They move into the tumors like the way they migrate into wounded tissues. One of the most researched signaling pathways in the recruitment of MSCs to the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. The tropism of bone-marrow-derived MSCs to tumors has been driven by several factors, including cyclophilin B, urokinase plasminogen activator, hepatoma-derived growth factor, interleukin 6 (IL 6), basic fibroblast growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These factors also affect MSC migration. Kidd et al.'s research has demonstrated that MCP-1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 from breast cancer encourage MSC migration to the tumor site. Similar research using medulloblastoma cells has demonstrated that umbilical cord-derived MSC move to the tumor site in response to matrix metalloproteases. The variable degree of MSC migration is influenced by some parameters rather than just one signal molecule. Once inside the tumor niche, MSCs engage in both direct and indirect interactions with cancer cells that have an impact on the growth of tumors.
- Conclusion: The review suggests that MSC has the potential to be a therapeutic agent in the battle against cancer. Current MSC-based therapies provide highly personalized, tailored cancer treatments. The first of these is the utilization of MSC-derived exosomes, which have a wider safety profile than MSC, and modified MSC to transport therapeutic medicines. Considerable work is required to learn more about how MSCs interact with various signaling pathways to suppress the growth of tumors.
- Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, cancer, exosomes
