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INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF

CancerGenetics

• Exosomes derived from stem cells in cancer treatment Review article

• Haniye Fayezi,^1,* Katayoun Aliyari,²
  1. M.sc of Pathogenic Microbes Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, Tehran Iran.
  2. M.sc of Molecular genetics Islamic Azad University، Science And Research Branch, Tehran Iran.
  
  
  
• Introduction: Stem cell-derived exosomes have emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy, offering a unique combination of targeted delivery and therapeutic potential. This review explores the latest advancements in utilizing exosomes from various stem cell sources for cancer treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the primary focus, with their exosomes demonstrating remarkable anti-tumor properties. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived exosomes can inhibit tumor growth, reduce metastasis, and enhance drug sensitivity in multiple cancer types, including breast, lung, and colorectal cancers. The mechanisms underlying these effects involve the transfer of specific miRNAs, proteins, and lipids that modulate vital oncogenic pathways. Importantly, stem cell-derived exosomes exhibit natural tumor-homing abilities, allowing for targeted delivery of therapeutic cargo. Research has successfully loaded these exosomes with chemotherapeutic drugs, siRNAs, and CRISPR-Cas9 components, enhancing their therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Stem cell-derived exosomes represent a versatile and potent tool in cancer therapy, offering new possibilities for targeted treatment and overcoming the limitations of conventional approaches. As research progresses, these nanovesicles may play a pivotal role in the future of personalized cancer medicine.
• Methods: Stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-expos) are emerging as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. Scientists are actively investigating their potential using a multi-pronged approach. Researchers first need to isolate SC exosomes from stem cells. Several techniques exist, each with strengths and weaknesses. Once isolated, scientists use electron microscopy, protein analysis, and other methods to confirm the identity and properties of the exosomes. In the lab, scientists use cancer cell lines and co-culture models to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of SC exosomes. They assess how exosomes influence cancer cell growth, movement, and invasion. Additionally, researchers analyze the cargo carried by SC exosomes to understand their potential mechanisms of action. Studies in mice with implanted tumors or spontaneous cancers help assess SC-exosome efficacy in a more complex setting. These models allow researchers to evaluate tumor growth, metastasis, and animal survival after exosome treatment. Different methods for delivering SC exosomes, such as intravenous or local delivery, are being explored. Researchers are also carefully evaluating the safety profile of SC-exosome therapy, monitoring for potential side effects and unintended consequences. By employing these rigorous methods, scientists build a solid foundation for future clinical trials. This research holds promise for translating SC-exosome therapy into a safe and effective approach to cancer treatment.
• Results: Stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-exosomes) are exciting contenders in the fight against cancer. Research suggests they hold immense therapeutic potential. Scientists are isolating and characterizing SC-exosomes using various techniques, ensuring their identity and purity. Lab studies using cancer cell lines delve into how these exosomes impede tumor growth, spread, and invasion. Additionally, researchers are analyzing the exosomal cargo to understand their precise attack mode. Animal models with implanted or spontaneous cancers provide a more realistic picture of SC-exosome efficacy. These studies assess tumor response and animal survival after exosome treatment. Different delivery methods, like intravenous injection, are being explored to optimize how these exosomes reach cancer cells.
• Conclusion: Stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-exosomes) have emerged as a revolutionary frontier in cancer treatment. Their unique properties, including the ability to deliver therapeutic molecules and modulate the tumor microenvironment, offer a powerful weapon against this devastating disease. While research is still in its early stages, pre-clinical studies utilizing sophisticated methods like characterization techniques, cell line models, and animal studies have yielded promising results. These studies unravel the mechanisms by which SC-exosomes combat cancer and pave the way for optimizing delivery methods and ensuring safety. The future of SC-exosome therapy appears bright. Continued research holds the potential to translate this innovative approach into a clinical reality, offering new hope for improved outcomes and effective cancer treatment strategies.
• Keywords: Exosomes, Treatment, stem cells, cancer